Delivery

The speech must be contained within the timer’s start and stop.

Upon arrival in the competition room, students may greet judges and ask questions or make brief comments to the judge before the speech (e.g., about the timer placement, whether they are ready to start, etc.).

Before their speech, students may not speak to the judges, provide a summary, or make any preemptive comments about their speech or topic. The only exception is for a content warning if necessary.

After their speech, students may thank their judges for listening and shake their hands, but may not continue their speech by thanking the judges in a way that extends their theme or refers to their topic.

Props

Presentation Rule #7: No props, audio, or visual aids may be used.

A prop is a tangible object which is displayed or handled by a competitor to enhance the speaker’s message. Stoa encourages authentic gestures and facial expressions in speech delivery. However, when a feature that is on or part of the student’s body or clothing, or in the competition room, is used to visually enhance the speech as support or evidence, it becomes a prop and is not permitted.

Plagiarism Policy

The Stoa Speech and Debate League does not allow plagiarism in any competitive event. Every competitor is responsible for ensuring that they do not engage in plagiarism in any form. If competitor(s) are found to have engaged in plagiarism during competition, tournament officials may take appropriate action against the competitor(s).

What is plagiarism? 1. To steal and pass off the ideas or words of another as one’s own. 2. To present as new and original an idea derived from an existing source ~ Merriam Webster

Forms of plagiarism include:

• verbatim (directly quoting another source’s words)
• paraphrasing (rewriting another source’s ideas or words without citing the source)
• patchwork (incorporating phrases or sentences from multiple sources without credit)
• self (reusing your own previously-submitted work in a new event)
• global (purchasing, stealing, or commissioning an entire paper or speech and representing it as your own)
• source-based (citing a fake source, fabricating data, or citing a primary source when you actually pulled from a secondary source)

Speeches may not be written by AI, in part or in full. All Apologetics speeches must be “an original work written by the competitor.” The speech must be delivered in the student’s authentic and unique voice.

Any information that comes from source material must be cited orally within the body of the speech. Use of another person’s words or ideas without crediting them is plagiarism and is strictly forbidden.

Common Knowledge

While many students have acquired knowledge through their studies and hobbies, not all of it is common to the average person. Thus, detailed knowledge must be cited. This includes dates, statistics, technical information, and facts that the listener would only know if they had researched the topic. When in doubt, cite the source. For more information, see the article from MIT titled “What Is Common Knowledge?”.

Delivery

The speech must be contained within the timer’s start and stop.

Upon arrival in the competition room, students may greet judges and ask questions or make brief comments to the judge before the speech (e.g., about the timer placement, whether they are ready to start, etc.).

Before their speech, students may not speak to the judges, provide a summary, or make any preemptive comments about their speech or topic. The only exception is for a content warning if necessary.

After their speech, students may thank their judges for listening and shake their hands, but may not continue their speech by thanking the judges in a way that extends their theme or refers to their topic.

Props

A prop is a tangible object which is displayed or handled by a competitor to enhance the speaker’s message. While the tournament may use props as prompts and give them to competitors to use during their speech, competitors may not use their own props in Impromptu. Stoa encourages authentic gestures and facial expressions in speech delivery. However, when a feature that is on or part of the student’s body or clothing, or in the competition room, is used to visually enhance the speech as support or evidence, it becomes a prop and is not permitted.

Delivery

The speech must be contained within the timer’s start and stop.

Upon arrival in the competition room, students may greet judges and ask questions or make brief comments to the judge before the speech (e.g., about the timer placement, whether they are ready to start, etc.).

Before their speech, students may not speak to the judges, provide a summary, or make any preemptive comments about their speech or topic. The only exception is for a content warning if necessary.

After their speech, students may thank their judges for listening and shake their hands, but may not continue their speech by thanking the judges in a way that extends their theme or refers to their topic.

Props

Presentation Rule #5: No props, audio, or visual aids may be used.

A prop is a tangible object which is displayed or handled by a competitor to enhance the speaker’s message. Stoa encourages authentic gestures and facial expressions in speech delivery. However, when a feature that is on or part of the student’s body or clothing, or in the competition room, is used to visually enhance the speech as support or evidence, it becomes a prop and is not permitted.

Plagiarism Policy

The Stoa Speech and Debate League does not allow plagiarism in any competitive event. Every competitor is responsible for ensuring that they do not engage in plagiarism in any form. If competitor(s) are found to have engaged in plagiarism during competition, tournament officials may take appropriate action against the competitor(s).

What is plagiarism? 1. To steal and pass off the ideas or words of another as one’s own. 2. To present as new and original an idea derived from an existing source ~ Merriam Webster

Forms of plagiarism include:

• verbatim (directly quoting another source’s words)
• paraphrasing (rewriting another source’s ideas or words without citing the source)
• patchwork (incorporating phrases or sentences from multiple sources without credit)
• self (reusing your own previously-submitted work in a new event)
• global (purchasing, stealing, or commissioning an entire paper or speech and representing it as your own)
• source-based (citing a fake source, fabricating data, or citing a primary source when you actually pulled from a secondary source)

Any information that comes from source material must be cited orally within the body of the speech. Use of another person’s words or ideas without crediting them is plagiarism and is strictly forbidden.

Common Knowledge

While many students have acquired knowledge through their studies and hobbies, not all of it is common to the average person. Thus, detailed knowledge must be cited. This includes dates, statistics, technical information, and facts that the listener would only know if they had researched the topic. When in doubt, cite the source. For more information, see the article from MIT titled “What Is Common Knowledge?”.

Blanket Citations

A blanket citation is when a student claims that a specific source will be the source he/she is using throughout their speech. Many students want to give a blanket citation to eliminate citing the same source multiple times orally. The difficulty for both the Script Reviewer and the Judge is distinguishing the original analysis from sourced materials. This blurs the lines between plagiarism and originality. Blanket citations are not acceptable. Writing a speech that flows smoothly with multiple oral citations may be difficult, but it is a mark of skilled writing and develops ethos with the judge.

Research

As they conduct their research, competitors should remember that this event aims to share the hope of the Gospel with a world that is often hostile to God. Their presentation should demonstrate both a thorough understanding of the prompt and a researched biblical response by:

• Describing the chosen piece and its context or purpose
• Identifying a culturally relevant issue related to the piece and explaining its significance
• Showing how the God of the Bible offers a better solution to humanity’s problems than any human answer
• Concluding with a connection directing the listeners to biblical truth found in Christ

Delivery

The speech must be contained within the timer’s start and stop.

Upon arrival in the competition room, students may greet judges and ask questions or make brief comments to the judge before the speech (e.g., about the timer placement, whether they are ready to start, etc.).

Before their speech, students may not speak to the judges, provide a summary, or make any preemptive comments about their speech or topic. The only exception is for a content warning if necessary.

After their speech, students may thank their judges for listening and shake their hands, but may not continue their speech by thanking the judges in a way that extends their theme or refers to their topic.

Props

Presentation Rule #4: No props, audio, or visual aids may be used.

A prop is a tangible object which is displayed or handled by a competitor to enhance the speaker’s message. Stoa encourages authentic gestures and facial expressions in speech delivery. However, when a feature that is on or part of the student’s body or clothing, or in the competition room, is used to visually enhance the speech as support or evidence, it becomes a prop and is not permitted.

Plagiarism Policy

The Stoa Speech and Debate League does not allow plagiarism in any competitive event. Every competitor is responsible for ensuring that they do not engage in plagiarism in any form. If competitor(s) are found to have engaged in plagiarism during competition, tournament officials may take appropriate action against the competitor(s).

What is plagiarism? 1. To steal and pass off the ideas or words of another as one’s own. 2. To present as new and original an idea derived from an existing source ~ Merriam Webster

Forms of plagiarism include:

• verbatim (directly quoting another source’s words)
• paraphrasing (rewriting another source’s ideas or words without citing the source)
• patchwork (incorporating phrases or sentences from multiple sources without credit)
• self (reusing your own previously-submitted work in a new event)
• global (purchasing, stealing, or commissioning an entire paper or speech and representing it as your own)
• source-based (citing a fake source, fabricating data, or citing a primary source when you actually pulled from a secondary source)

Speeches may not be written by AI, in part or in full. All Mars Hill speeches must be “an original work written by the competitor.” The speech must be written in the student’s authentic and unique voice.

Any information that comes from source material must be cited orally within the body of the speech. Use of another person’s words or ideas without crediting them is plagiarism and is strictly forbidden.

Common Knowledge

While many students have acquired knowledge through their studies and hobbies, not all of it is common to the average person. Thus, detailed knowledge must be cited. This includes dates, statistics, technical information, and facts that the listener would only know if they had researched the topic. When in doubt, cite the source. For more information, see the article from MIT titled “What Is Common Knowledge?”.

Delivery

The student must perform the speech as written and approved by the Script Submission Team. Students are not permitted to ad-lib within their speech or provide any additional context, explanation, or commentary about their speech before or after delivery unless directed by tournament staff. This would allow them to use unapproved verbiage, which may create a competitive advantage. The speech must be contained within the timer’s start and stop.

Upon arrival in the competition room, students may greet judges and ask questions or make brief comments to the judge before the speech (e.g., about the timer placement, whether they are ready to start, etc.).

Before their speech, students may not speak to the judges, provide a summary, or make any preemptive comments about their speech or topic. The only exception is for a content warning if necessary.

After their speech, students may thank their judges for listening and shake their hands, but may not continue their speech by thanking the judges in a way that extends their theme or refers to their topic.

Props and Participation

Presentation Rule #4: No props, audio, or visual aids may be used.

A prop is a tangible object which is displayed or handled by a competitor to enhance the speaker’s message. Stoa encourages authentic gestures and facial expressions in speech delivery. However, when a feature that is on or part of the student’s body or clothing is used to visually enhance the speech as support or evidence, it becomes a prop and is not permitted.

Presentation Rule 6: Audience members and/or judges may not be aids or active participants in the speech.

Engaging the judges mentally, intellectually, or emotionally is encouraged. Asking the judge or audience to “consider” or “imagine” is natural in platform speaking and is permitted. However, asking the judge or audience to do or perform a physical action (e.g., “Look at…,” “Close your eyes…”) calls for judges to actively participate in the speech and is not permitted.

Plagiarism Policy

The Stoa Speech and Debate League does not allow plagiarism in any competitive event. Every competitor is responsible for ensuring that they do not engage in plagiarism in any form. If competitor(s) are found to have engaged in plagiarism during competition, tournament officials may take appropriate action against the competitor(s).

What is plagiarism? 1. To steal and pass off the ideas or words of another as one’s own. 2. To present as new and original an idea derived from an existing source ~ Merriam Webster

Forms of plagiarism include:

• verbatim (directly quoting another source’s words)
• paraphrasing (rewriting another source’s ideas or words without citing the source)
• patchwork (incorporating phrases or sentences from multiple sources without credit)
• self (reusing your own previously-submitted work in a new event)
• global (purchasing, stealing, or commissioning an entire paper or speech and representing it as your own)
• source-based (citing a fake source, fabricating data, or citing a primary source when you actually pulled from a secondary source)

Speeches may not be written by AI, in part or in full. All Original Oratory speeches must be “an original work written by the competitor.” The speech must be written in the student’s authentic and unique voice.

Any information that comes from source material must be cited orally within the body of the speech. Use of another person’s words or ideas without crediting them is plagiarism and is strictly forbidden.

Common Knowledge

While many students have gathered knowledge throughout their studies and hobbies, not all of that knowledge is common to the average person. Thus, detailed knowledge must be cited. This includes dates, statistics, technical information, and facts that the listener would only know if they had researched the topic. When in doubt, cite the source. For more information, see the article from MIT titled “What Is Common Knowledge?”.

Blanket Citations

A blanket citation is when a student claims that a specific source will be the source he/she is using throughout their speech. Many students want to give a blanket citation to eliminate citing the same source multiple times orally. The difficulty for both the Reviewer and the Judge is distinguishing the original analysis from sourced materials. This blurs the lines between plagiarism and originality. Blanket citations are not acceptable. Writing a script that flows smoothly with multiple oral citations may be difficult, but it is a mark of skilled writing and develops ethos with the judge.

AI and Platform Speeches

Preparation Rule #3: The speech must be an original work written by the competitor.

All Platform events must be an original work written by the competitor. AI may not generate a competitor’s original work. Be aware that any quotes garnered from AI must be cited from the original source (not from AI). AI is not considered a reliable source for accurate quotes and statistics.

Citations

Why Cite Your Sources: Citing your sources is important for several reasons.

1. It gives proper credit to the authors of the words or ideas that you incorporated into your speech.
2. It gives credibility (ethos) to you as a speechwriter who did your due diligence in researching your speech. It also allows you to “borrow” the credibility of the sources you use.
3. It allows those who hear your speech to identify your sources in order to learn more about the ideas that you include in your speech.
4. Citing your sources consistently and accurately helps you avoid committing plagiarism in your speech writing. Use citations when you directly quote, paraphrase, or summarize information from any source.

Platform Rules

• Preparation Rule #7: The competitor must provide a script and a citation page at each tournament, along with the completed Platform Speech Script Submission Form. All sources must be cited parenthetically, identified orally within the speech, and documented on the citation page. Note: Electronic Script Submission is required at NITOC.
• Presentation Rule #1: Any information that comes from source material must be cited orally within the body of the speech. Use of another person’s words or ideas without crediting them is plagiarism and is strictly forbidden.

How to Cite in Your Script: Stoa does not mandate a specific citation style (MLA, Chicago, APA). However, it is imperative that your source(s) be cited. If you directly quote, paraphrase, or summarize information from any source, you must both:

1. Identify your source orally for your audience. The following are excellent examples of different yet acceptable and appropriate ways to do this.

• a. Author — Example: A research study by Alexander Bartik and colleagues found that “…”
• b. Title of Work — Example: In a report titled “Education During COVID-19 and Beyond”, the UN predicts …
• c. Title of Source of Work — Example: Several studies, including this one done by the National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice, found that “…”
• d. Bible Sources (Quoted) — When using the Bible as a source in a platform, be sure to name the chapter(s) and verse(s) if applicable. Example: According to John 3:16, “....”

2. Cite your source in the text of the speech (parenthetically) to easily connect it to the source entry on your Citation Page.

• a. If possible, include the author’s name and the page number. Example: A research study by Alexander Bartik and colleagues found that “…” (Bartik, et al, 37). Example: The Washington Post quoted a study showing … (Wan). Example: Several studies, including this one done by the National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice, found that “…” (Camera).
• b. If no author is given, use the title of the work. Example: A study by FAIR Health investigated … (FAIR Health, 2).
• c. Scriptural sources must include the name of the version followed by the book, chapter, and verse (if applicable). Example: According to John 3:16, “....” (King James Bible, John 3:16).

3. How to Cite in Your Citation Page: You must provide a list of all the sources you have used in your speech, preferably alphabetized. You may use any citation style (APA, MLA, etc.) for this list. [See Purdue Online Writing Lab (owl.english.purdue.edu) for detailed explanations of how to create this list based on the style you choose.] The parenthetical citation in your script should correspond with the first word of the matching entry on the Citation Page. Example: Script: A research study by Alexander Bartik and colleagues found that “…” (Bartik et al, 37) Citation Page: Bartik, Alexander et al. “The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Outcomes and Expectations.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 117, no. 30, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006991117.

What NOT to Do:

• Leave citations out. This violates Stoa’s Plagiarism policy and may result in disqualification or penalties.
• Lump all your sources together. This does not allow your audience to know from whom you got specific information.
• Avoid asking for help. If you are unsure if you are citing your sources correctly, ask a parent, coach, or a member of the Speech Committee.
• Use AI to compose or generate your Platform. All Platform events must be “an original work written by the competitor” in their own authentic and unique voice. Remember: any ideas or quotes garnered from AI must be cited from the original source.

Script Submission

Purpose: Platform speech scripts should contain the exact text of the student’s original speech for the purposes of accountability. Though the speech must be original, it may consist of support from outside sources. The sources of any contributing information must be formally cited so that credit is given where credit is due. The script preparation instructions below will assist with that process.

1. The speech must be an original work, written by the student.
2. The student must submit a typewritten copy of the speech.
3. All sources must be cited in the text of the speech, identified verbally within the speech, and documented on the citation page.
4. All direct quotations must be underlined.
5. No more than 30% of the speech may consist of direct quotations.
6. A Citation Page must be created on a separate page at the end of the speech. Any format is acceptable. (May use www.easybib.com or other applications to assist with the Citation Page.)
7. All sources must be included on the Citation Page.
8. A current Script Submission Form must be submitted with the speech script at each tournament.

Platform Preparation Video

For succinct instructions on creating the Script Copy and Original Source Copy of the scripts, see the Rapid Review and Approve Video.

Delivery

The student must perform the speech as written and approved by the Script Submission Team. Students are not permitted to ad-lib within their speech or provide any additional context, explanation, or commentary about their speech before or after delivery unless directed by tournament staff. This would allow them to use unapproved verbiage, which may create a competitive advantage. The speech must be contained within the timer’s start and stop.

Upon arrival in the competition room, students may greet judges and ask questions or make brief comments to the judge before the speech (e.g., about the timer placement, whether they are ready to start, etc.).

Before their speech, students may not speak to the judges, provide a summary, or make any preemptive comments about their speech or topic. The only exception is for a content warning if necessary.

After their speech, students may thank their judges for listening and shake their hands, but may not continue their speech by thanking the judges in a way that extends their theme or refers to their topic.

Props and Participation

Presentation Rule #4: No props, audio, or visual aids may be used.

A prop is a tangible object which is displayed or handled by a competitor to enhance the speaker’s message. Stoa encourages authentic gestures and facial expressions in speech delivery. However, when a feature that is on or part of the student’s body or clothing is used to visually enhance the speech as support or evidence, it becomes a prop and is not permitted.

Presentation Rule 6: Audience members and/or judges may not be aids or active participants in the speech.

Engaging the judges mentally, intellectually, or emotionally is encouraged. Asking the judge or audience to “consider” or “imagine” is natural in platform speaking and is permitted. However, asking the judge or audience to do or perform a physical action (e.g., “Look at…,” “Close your eyes…”) calls for judges to actively participate in the speech and is not permitted.

Plagiarism Policy

The Stoa Speech and Debate League does not allow plagiarism in any competitive event. Every competitor is responsible for ensuring that they do not engage in plagiarism in any form. If competitor(s) are found to have engaged in plagiarism during competition, tournament officials may take appropriate action against the competitor(s).

What is plagiarism? 1. To steal and pass off the ideas or words of another as one’s own. 2. To present as new and original an idea derived from an existing source ~ Merriam Webster

Forms of plagiarism include:

• verbatim (directly quoting another source’s words)
• paraphrasing (rewriting another source’s ideas or words without citing the source)
• patchwork (incorporating phrases or sentences from multiple sources without credit)
• self (reusing your own previously-submitted work in a new event)
• global (purchasing, stealing, or commissioning an entire paper or speech and representing it as your own)
• source-based (citing a fake source, fabricating data, or citing a primary source when you actually pulled from a secondary source)

Speeches may not be written by AI, in part or in full. All Persuasive speeches must be “an original work written by the competitor.” The speech must be written in the student’s authentic and unique voice.

Any information that comes from source material must be cited orally within the body of the speech. Use of another person’s words or ideas without crediting them is plagiarism and is strictly forbidden.

Common Knowledge

While many students have acquired knowledge through their studies and hobbies, not all of it is common to the average person. Thus, detailed knowledge must be cited. This includes dates, statistics, technical information, and facts that the listener would only know if they had researched the topic. When in doubt, cite the source. For more information, see the article from MIT titled “What Is Common Knowledge?”.

Blanket Citations

A blanket citation is when a student claims that a specific source will be the source he/she is using throughout their speech. Many students want to give a blanket citation to eliminate citing the same source multiple times orally. The difficulty for both the Reviewer and the Judge is distinguishing the original analysis from sourced materials. This blurs the lines between plagiarism and originality. Blanket citations are not acceptable. Writing a script that flows smoothly while incorporating multiple oral citations can be difficult, but it is a mark of skilled writing and helps develop ethos with the judge.

AI and Platform Speeches

Preparation Rule #3: The speech must be an original work written by the competitor.

All Platform events must be an original work written by the competitor. AI may not generate a competitor’s original work. Be aware that any quotes garnered from AI must be cited from the original source (not from AI). AI is not considered a reliable source for accurate quotes and statistics.

Citations

Why Cite Your Sources: Citing your sources is important for several reasons.

1. It gives proper credit to the authors of the words or ideas that you incorporated into your speech.
2. It gives credibility (ethos) to you as a speechwriter who did your due diligence in researching your speech. It also allows you to “borrow” the credibility of the sources you use.
3. It allows those who hear your speech to identify your sources in order to learn more about the ideas that you include in your speech.
4. Citing your sources consistently and accurately helps you avoid committing plagiarism in your speech writing. Use citations when you directly quote, paraphrase, or summarize information from any source.

Platform Rules

• Preparation Rule #7: The competitor must provide a script and a citation page at each tournament, along with the completed Platform Speech Script Submission Form. All sources must be cited parenthetically, identified orally within the speech, and documented on the citation page. Note: Electronic Script Submission is required at NITOC.
• Presentation Rule #1: Any information that comes from source material must be cited orally within the body of the speech. Use of another person’s words or ideas without crediting them is plagiarism and is strictly forbidden.

How to Cite in Your Script: Stoa does not mandate a specific citation style (MLA, Chicago, APA). However, it is imperative that your source(s) be cited. If you directly quote, paraphrase, or summarize information from any source, you must both:

1. Identify your source orally for your audience. The following are excellent examples of different yet acceptable and appropriate ways to do this.

• a. Author — Example: A research study by Alexander Bartik and colleagues found that “…”
• b. Title of Work — Example: In a report titled “Education During COVID-19 and Beyond”, the UN predicts …
• c. Title of Source of Work — Example: Several studies, including this one done by the National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice, found that “…”
• d. Bible Sources (Quoted) — When using the Bible as a source in a platform, name the chapter(s) and verse(s) if applicable. Example: According to John 3:16, “....”

2. Cite your source in the text of the speech (parenthetically) to easily connect it to the source entry on your Citation Page.

• a. If possible, include the author’s name and the page number. Example: A research study by Alexander Bartik and colleagues found that “…” (Bartik, et al, 37). Example: The Washington Post quoted a study showing … (Wan). Example: Several studies, including this one done by the National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice, found that “…” (Camera).
• b. If no author is given, use the title of the work. Example: A study by FAIR Health investigated … (FAIR Health, 2).
• c. Scriptural sources must include the name of the version followed by the book, chapter, and verse (if applicable). Example: According to John 3:16, “....” (King James Bible, John 3:16).

3. How to Cite in Your Citation Page: You must provide a list of all the sources you have used in your speech, preferably alphabetized. You may use any citation style (APA, MLA, etc.) for this list. [See Purdue Online Writing Lab (owl.english.purdue.edu) for detailed explanations of how to create this list based on the style you choose.] The parenthetical citation in your script should correspond with the first word of the matching entry on the Citation Page. Example: Script: A research study by Alexander Bartik and colleagues found that “…” (Bartik et al, 37) Citation Page: Bartik, Alexander et al. “The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Outcomes and Expectations.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 117, no. 30, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006991117.

What NOT to Do:

• Leave citations out. This violates Stoa’s Plagiarism policy and may result in disqualification or penalties.
• Lump all your sources together. This does not allow your audience to know from whom you got specific information.
• Avoid asking for help. If you are unsure if you are citing your sources correctly, ask a parent, coach, or a member of the Speech Committee.
• Use AI to compose or generate your Platform. All Platform events must be “an original work written by the competitor” in their own authentic and unique voice. Remember: any ideas or quotes garnered from AI must be cited from the original source.

Script Submission

Purpose: Platform speech scripts should contain the exact text of the student’s original speech for the purposes of accountability. Though the speech must be original, it may consist of support from outside sources. The sources of any contributing information must be formally cited so that credit is given where credit is due. The script preparation instructions below will assist with that process.

1. The speech must be an original work, written by the student.
2. The student must submit a typewritten copy of the speech.
3. All sources must be cited in the text of the speech, identified verbally within the speech, and documented on the citation page.
4. All direct quotations must be underlined.
5. No more than 30% of the speech may consist of direct quotations.
6. A Citation Page must be created on a separate page at the end of the speech. Any format is acceptable. (May use www.easybib.com or other applications to assist with the Citation Page.)
7. All sources must be included on the Citation Page.
8. A current Script Submission Form must be submitted with the speech script at each tournament.

Platform Preparation Video

For succinct instructions on creating the Script Copy and Original Source Copy of the scripts, see the Rapid Review and Approve Video.

Delivery

The student must perform the speech as written and approved by the Script Submission Team. Students are not permitted to ad-lib within their speech or provide any additional context, explanation, or commentary about their speech before or after delivery unless directed by tournament staff. This would allow them to use unapproved verbiage, which may create a competitive advantage. The speech must be contained within the timer’s start and stop.

Upon arrival in the competition room, students may greet judges and ask questions or make brief comments to the judge before the speech (e.g., about the timer placement, whether they are ready to start, etc.).

Before their speech, students may not speak to the judges, provide a summary, or make any preemptive comments about their speech or topic. The only exception is for a content warning if necessary.

After their speech, students may thank their judges for listening and shake their hands, but may not continue their speech by thanking the judges in a way that extends their theme or refers to their topic.

Plagiarism Policy

The Stoa Speech and Debate League does not allow plagiarism in any competitive event. Every competitor is responsible for ensuring that they do not engage in plagiarism in any form. If competitor(s) are found to have engaged in plagiarism during competition, tournament officials may take appropriate action against the competitor(s).

What is plagiarism? 1. To steal and pass off the ideas or words of another as one’s own. 2. To present as new and original an idea derived from an existing source ~ Merriam Webster

Forms of plagiarism include:

• verbatim (directly quoting another source’s words)
• paraphrasing (rewriting another source’s ideas or words without citing the source)
• patchwork (incorporating phrases or sentences from multiple sources without credit)
• self (reusing your own previously-submitted work in a new event)
• global (purchasing, stealing, or commissioning an entire paper or speech and representing it as your own)
• source-based (citing a fake source, fabricating data, or citing a primary source when you actually pulled from a secondary source)

Speeches may not be written by AI, in part or in full. All Expository speeches must be “an original work written by the competitor.” The speech must be written in the student’s authentic and unique voice.

Any information that comes from source material must be cited orally within the body of the speech. Use of another person’s words or ideas without crediting them is plagiarism and is strictly forbidden.

Common Knowledge

While many students have gathered knowledge throughout their studies and hobbies, not all of that knowledge is common to the average person. Thus, detailed knowledge must be cited. This includes dates, statistics, technical information, and facts that the listener would only know if they had researched the topic. When in doubt, cite the source. For more information, see the article from MIT titled “What Is Common Knowledge?”.

Blanket Citations

A blanket citation is when a student claims that a specific source will be the source he/she is using throughout their speech. Many students want to give a blanket citation to eliminate citing the same source multiple times orally. The difficulty for both the Reviewer and the Judge is distinguishing the original analysis from sourced materials. This blurs the lines between plagiarism and originality. Blanket citations are not acceptable. Writing a script that flows smoothly with multiple oral citations may be difficult, but it is a mark of skilled writing and develops ethos with the judge.

AI and Platform Speeches

AI may not be used to write a speech. All Platform events must be “an original work written by the competitor.” Be aware that any quotes garnered from AI must be cited from the original source (not from AI). AI is not considered a reliable source for accurate quotes and statistics.

Audio and Video Clips

Preparation Rule 9 states, “No more than 30% of the speech may include directly quoted material. This limit applies to all direct quotes, including audio or video clips used in the presentation, as well as any pre-recorded words spoken by the competitor.”

The 30% in Rule 9 is measured from the total word count. A student’s total word count needs to include:

• Quotes and statistics from other sources
• Words spoken or sung while showing a clip from a video or soundtrack
• Static words read by the audience while showing a video (Words on boards or PowerPoint presentations are not in the word count.)
• The student’s own words that have been pre-recorded

All quoted words included in the word count should be underlined (including the student’s original pre-recorded words and song lyrics).

We recognize that many students use videos or music with no words in their speech. This is allowed; however, an Expository Speech is primarily a speaking event.

Citations

Why Cite Your Sources: Citing your sources is important for several reasons.

1. It gives proper credit to the authors of the words or ideas that you incorporated into your speech.
2. It gives credibility (ethos) to you as a speechwriter who did your due diligence in researching your speech. It also allows you to “borrow” the credibility of the sources you use.
3. It allows those who hear your speech to identify your sources in order to learn more about the ideas that you include in your speech.
4. Citing your sources consistently and accurately helps you avoid committing plagiarism in your speech writing. Use citations when you directly quote, paraphrase, or summarize information from any source.

Platform Rules

• Preparation Rule #7: The competitor must provide a script and a citation page at each tournament, along with the completed Platform Speech Script Submission Form. All sources must be cited parenthetically, identified orally within the speech, and documented on the citation page. Note: Electronic Script Submission is required at NITOC.
• Presentation Rule #1: Any information that comes from source material must be cited orally within the body of the speech. Use of another person’s words or ideas without crediting them is plagiarism and is strictly forbidden.

How to Cite in Your Script: Stoa does not mandate a specific citation style (MLA, Chicago, APA). However, it is imperative that your source(s) be cited. If you directly quote, paraphrase, or summarize information from any source, you must both:

1. Identify your source orally for your audience. The following are excellent examples of different yet acceptable and appropriate ways to do this.

• a. Author — Example: A research study by Alexander Bartik and colleagues found that “…”
• b. Title of Work — Example: In a report titled “Education During COVID-19 and Beyond”, the UN predicts …
• c. Title of Source of Work — Example: Several studies, including this one done by the National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice, found that “…”
• d. Bible Sources (Quoted) — When using the Bible as a source in a platform, be sure to name the chapter(s) and verse(s) if applicable. Example: According to John 3:16, “....”

2. Cite your source in the text of the speech (parenthetically) to easily connect it to the source entry on your Citation Page.

• a. If possible, include the author’s name and the page number. Example: A research study by Alexander Bartik and colleagues found that “…” (Bartik, et al, 37). Example: The Washington Post quoted a study showing … (Wan). Example: Several studies, including this one done by the National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice, found that “…” (Camera).
• b. If no author is given, use the title of the work. Example: A study by FAIR Health investigated … (FAIR Health, 2).
• c. Scriptural sources must include the name of the version followed by the book, chapter, and verse (if applicable). Example: According to John 3:16, “....” (King James Bible, John 3:16).

3. How to Cite in Your Citation Page: You must provide a list of all the sources you have used in your speech, preferably alphabetized. You may use any citation style (APA, MLA, etc.) for this list. [See Purdue Online Writing Lab (owl.english.purdue.edu) for detailed explanations of how to create this list based on the style you choose.] The parenthetical citation in your script should correspond with the first word of the matching entry on the Citation Page. Example: Script: A research study by Alexander Bartik and colleagues found that “…” (Bartik et al, 37) Citation Page: Bartik, Alexander et al. “The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Outcomes and Expectations.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 117, no. 30, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006991117.

4. How to Cite Images: For speeches with visual aids, any copyrighted images or graphic citations should be included as a second “Image Citations” section on your citation page. They do not need to be cited in-text or orally in the script.

What NOT to Do:

• Leave citations out. This violates Stoa’s Plagiarism policy and may result in disqualification or penalties.
• Lump all your sources together. This does not allow your audience to know from whom you got specific information.
• Avoid asking for help. If you are unsure if you are citing your sources correctly, ask a parent, coach, or a member of the Speech Committee.
• Use AI to write your Platform. All Platform events must be “an original work written by the competitor” in their own authentic and unique voice. Remember: any ideas or quotes garnered from AI must be cited from the original source.

Script Submission

Purpose: Platform speech scripts should contain the exact text of the student’s original speech for the purposes of accountability. Though the speech must be original, it may consist of support from outside sources. The sources of any contributing information must be formally cited so that credit is given where credit is due. The script preparation instructions below will assist with that process.

1. The speech must be an original work, written by the student.
2. The student must submit a typewritten copy of the speech.
3. All sources must be cited in the text of the speech, identified verbally within the speech, and documented on the citation page.
4. All direct quotations must be underlined.
5. No more than 30% of the speech may consist of direct quotations.
6. A Citation Page must be created on a separate page at the end of the speech. Any format is acceptable. (May use www.easybib.com or other applications to assist with the Citation Page.)
7. All sources must be included on the Citation Page.
8. A current Script Submission Form must be submitted with the speech script at each tournament.

In addition, Expository Speeches must:

1. Include copyrighted graphics and images on the Citation Page.
2. Include all direct quotes, including audio or video clips used in the presentation, as well as any prerecorded words spoken by the competitor in the count for direct quotations. These words must be included in your script and underlined. They cannot be more than 30% of the speech.

Platform Preparation Video

For succinct instructions on creating the Script Copy and Original Source Copy of the scripts, see the Rapid Review and Approve Video.

Delivery

The student must perform the speech as written and approved by the Script Submission Team. Students are not permitted to ad-lib within their speech or provide any additional context, explanation, or commentary about their speech before or after delivery unless directed by tournament staff. This would allow them to use unapproved verbiage, which may create a competitive advantage. The speech must be contained within the timer’s start and stop.

Upon arrival in the competition room, students may greet judges and ask questions or make brief comments to the judge before the speech (e.g., about the timer placement, whether they are ready to start, etc.).

Before their speech, students may not speak to the judges, provide a summary, or make any preemptive comments about their speech or topic. The only exception is for a content warning if necessary.

After their speech, students may thank their judges for listening and shake their hands, but may not continue their speech by thanking the judges in a way that extends their theme or refers to their topic.

Props

Presentation Rule #3: No props, audio, or visual aids may be used.

A prop is a tangible object which is displayed or handled by a competitor to enhance the speaker’s message.

Interp speeches utilize the voice, facial expressions, and actions. When a student uses items such as their hair, pockets, eyeglasses, etc., these items become incorporated into their speech as props. This is a rule violation.

Plagiarism Policy

The Stoa Speech and Debate League does not allow plagiarism in any competitive event. Every competitor is responsible for ensuring that they do not engage in plagiarism in any form. If competitor(s) are found to have engaged in plagiarism during competition, tournament officials may take appropriate action against the competitor(s).

What is plagiarism? 1. To steal and pass off the ideas or words of another as one’s own. 2. To present as new and original an idea derived from an existing source ~ Merriam Webster

Forms of plagiarism include:

• verbatim (directly quoting another source’s words)
• paraphrasing (rewriting another source’s ideas or words without citing the source)
• patchwork (incorporating phrases or sentences from multiple sources without credit)
• self (reusing your own previously-submitted work in a new event)
• global (purchasing, stealing, or commissioning an entire paper or speech and representing it as your own)
• source-based (citing a fake source, fabricating data, or citing a primary source when you actually pulled from a secondary source)

Literary Interpretation Rule #4: The competitor must create a completely original interpretation of literature. Competitors may not copy the added words, cutting, and/or blocking of a previous speech and/or video.

Any information that comes from source material must be cited orally within the body of the speech. Use of another person’s words or ideas without crediting them is plagiarism and is strictly forbidden.

Interp Sources

Valid sourcing is an issue of academic integrity. Media transcripts (sources transcribed from a live or recorded performance) are not considered valid sources as they do not appropriately and/or legally give credit to the original author(s). AI is also not regarded as a valid source. It violates Interp Rules as the competitor is not making a “completely original interpretation of literature.” For further consideration, AI is not published or copyrighted and therefore cannot be used for creating Interp scripts.

Stoa desires script approval to be simple and objective. The texts should be in the public domain, accessed universally by any user, and retrievable upon request. The site and literary text must be verifiable and have a publication or copyright date. An upload date alone does not satisfy this requirement.

Unacceptable Sources:

• Blogs (from any source) – A blog is defined as “a regularly updated website or web page, typically one run by an individual or small group, that is written in an informal or conversational style.”
• Media transcripts and performances – These are scripts or script selections which have been transcribed from a live or recorded performance (including theater, movies, television/radio broadcasts, webcasts, internet streaming, YouTube, etc.). Copying content or blocking is not permitted.
• Self-published scripts – These are script selections which are authored or self-published by the competitor or a previous competitor. Self-published scripts are not permitted in LI.
• AI – If AI creates an Interp speech for the competitor, it violates Interp Rules as the competitor is not making a “completely original interpretation of literature.” For further consideration, AI is not published or copyrighted and therefore cannot be used to create Interp scripts.

Acceptable Sources: Sources should have a publication/copyright date. To ensure your piece is approved for NITOC, you should look for a piece that has a permanent number assigned from a nationally or scholastically recognized registry unless the piece was written before 1970. (ISBN numbering system was created in 1973.)

• “LCCN” or “Library of Congress Control Number” – ID found on the pages near the copyright notice.
• “ISBN” or “International Standard Book Number” – ISBN is a number, not a bar code. Number found on the pages near the copyright notice.
• “ISSN” or “International Standard Serial Number” – ISSN is an 8-digit code used to identify newspapers, journals, magazines, and periodicals of all kinds and on all media–print and electronic. ISSN should be located: preferably, in the upper right corner of the cover; or on the pages near the copyright notice. For a publication in electronic media, the ISSN should be shown on the homepage or on the main menu, if it is an online publication.
• “DOI” or “Digital Object Identifier” – DOI provides a persistent link to its location on the Internet. All DOI numbers begin with a 10 and contain a prefix and a suffix separated by a slash. DOI is typically located on the first page of the electronic journal article, near the copyright notice.

Online Sources

Published Online Sources must have:

• Title Page (if available, screenshots are acceptable)
• Copyright/Publication date
• Author

Your online source will NOT be accepted if any of the following apply:

• It has an upload or posted date rather than a publication or copyright date.
• There is no name or contact information for the publisher.
• It has a Copyright Acknowledgment date rather than a Copyright date.
• It is in an editable format. Sources that use editable formats (i.e., Gutenberg Press) will not be accepted.
• It is a YouTube (or other visual media) transcript.
• It is only available through an online publication site.
• It is published only online (not in print by the publisher).

Remember: POSTED does not equal PUBLISHED and PRINTED.

Archive.org is a great resource for finding verifiable sources for scripts.

Citations

Why Cite Your Sources: Citing your sources is important for several reasons.

1. It gives proper credit to the authors of the words or ideas that you incorporated into your speech.
2. It gives credibility (ethos) to you as a speechwriter who did your due diligence in researching your speech. It also allows you to “borrow” the credibility of the sources you use.
3. It allows those who hear your speech to identify your sources in order to learn more about the ideas that you include in your speech.
4. Citing your sources consistently and accurately helps you avoid committing plagiarism in your speech writing.

Literary Interpretation Rules

• Preparation Rule #5b: The competitor is allowed to quote external sources in the introduction only. The external source(s), including song lyrics, prefaces, etc., must be cited orally and are considered as part of the 200 added words.
• Presentation Rule #1: The competitors must identify the title(s) and author(s) near the beginning of the piece. The competitors will receive a one (1) rank penalty for failure to cite all source(s).

How to Cite in Your Script:

1. Identify your source(s) orally for your audience. Example A includes music lyrics.

• b. Example: “This is the story of Piglet Meets a Heffalump by A.A. Milne.”
• c. Example: “Anne of Green Gables, by L.M. Montgomery.”

2. Bible Sources – When using the Bible as a source in an interp, be sure to name the version, book, chapter(s), and verse(s), if applicable.

• a. Example: “From Jonah Chapters 1 through 4 from the King James Bible.”

What NOT to Do:

• Leave citations out. This violates Stoa’s Plagiarism policy and may result in disqualification or penalties.
• Sing in your speech and not attribute credit if the words are not already in the source(s).
• Avoid asking for help. If you are unsure if you are citing your sources correctly, ask a parent, coach, or a Speech Committee member.
• Use AI to create or generate your Interp event. AI is also not regarded as a valid source. It violates Interp Rules as the competitor is not making a “completely original interpretation of literature.” For further consideration, AI is not published or copyrighted and therefore cannot be used for creating Interp scripts.

Script Submission

Limiting added words encourages the use of the original source/literature, increasing the academic rigor of the event. Students who do not abide by the added word limit create an unfair advantage. Having the local and NITOC Script Reviewers confirm the added word count is vital to ensure that checkmarks are awarded fairly.

The student must submit the script in two parts:

• A typewritten script and
• A scanned, photocopied or screenshot of the original source with all added words inserted in the appropriate places.

Typewritten version:

1. The typewritten script should be typed exactly as it is going to be presented.
2. All added words, not in the original source, must be underlined.

Scanned/Photocopied version:

1. Scan/photocopy every original source page which includes words used in the interpretive piece. (The original source is the book, play, anthology, etc. from which the piece is taken.)
2. Scan/photocopy the title page of the original source.
3. Scan/photocopy the copyright page with the publication date of the original source.
4. Highlight all original source words that are used in the script. Do not cross out any words.
5. Insert the introduction and any added words in the appropriate spot in the script. (Joining together disconnected words from the source to create new thoughts or ideas are counted as added words.)
6. Arrange the pages in the order they will be presented.
7. Screenshots – Students who have secured their literary piece from an internet site must create a computer screenshot of the publication date. In addition, one page should include words from their piece to show the internet source of the piece. The screenshot should include any sidebars, headings, etc., that are a part of the computer screen, including the URL of the website. The remaining screenshots only need to contain the portions of the text used. The screenshots will be compiled in exactly the same way the scanned/photocopied pages are to be compiled. Title and publication information is still required.

Note – The goal is to submit two complete copies. One is typed. The other is scanned/photocopied from the original source with all added words inserted, creating a second complete script. The two scripts will read exactly the same.

Note regarding reproductions of copyright materials: The Fair Use Doctrine contained in the Copyright Act gives students permission to use or reproduce portions of a copyrighted work if the work is used as part of a student’s education. Therefore, the Fair Use Doctrine allows for the reproduction of portions of a copyrighted work for script submissions. Please be sure your source complies with the Interp Script Submission Guidelines.

Interp Preparation Video

For succinct instructions on creating the Script Copy and Original Source Copy of the scripts, see the Rapid Review and Approve Video.

Delivery

The student must perform the speech as written and approved by the Script Submission Team. Students are not permitted to ad-lib within their speech or provide any additional context, explanation, or commentary about their speech before or after delivery unless directed by tournament staff. This would allow them to use unapproved verbiage, which may create a competitive advantage. The speech must be contained within the timer’s start and stop.

Upon arrival in the competition room, students may greet judges and ask questions or make brief comments to the judge before the speech (e.g., about the timer placement, whether they are ready to start, etc.).

Before their speech, students may not speak to the judges, provide a summary, or make any preemptive comments about their speech or topic. The only exception is for a content warning if necessary.

After their speech, students may thank their judges for listening and shake their hands, but may not continue their speech by thanking the judges in a way that extends their theme or refers to their topic.

Props

Presentation Rule #4: No props, audio, or visual aids may be used.

A prop is a tangible object which is displayed or handled by a competitor to enhance the speaker’s message.

Interp speeches utilize the voice, facial expressions, and actions. When a student uses items such as their hair, pockets, eyeglasses, etc., these items become incorporated into their speech as props. This is a rule violation.

Plagiarism Policy

The Stoa Speech and Debate League does not allow plagiarism in any competitive event. Every competitor is responsible for ensuring that they do not engage in plagiarism in any form. If competitor(s) are found to have engaged in plagiarism during competition, tournament officials may take appropriate action against the competitor(s).

For an Interp to be original, the script and the blocking must be unique. The competitor must not copy the added words, cutting, characterization, and/or blocking of a previous speech and/or video. This removes the merit of an original presentation and creates an unfair advantage. By creating an original interpretation, the student learns to evaluate literature, vocabulary, and the art of storytelling at a higher level. The skills of storytelling and empathizing with the characters will create a well-rounded individual who can communicate with various types of people in different settings.

What is plagiarism? 1. To steal and pass off the ideas or words of another as one’s own. 2. To present as new and original an idea derived from an existing source ~ Merriam Webster

Forms of plagiarism include:

• verbatim (directly quoting another source’s words)
• paraphrasing (rewriting another source’s ideas or words without citing the source)
• patchwork (incorporating phrases or sentences from multiple sources without credit)
• self (reusing your own previously-submitted work in a new event)
• global (purchasing, stealing, or commissioning an entire paper or speech and representing it as your own)
• source-based (citing a fake source, fabricating data, or citing a primary source when you actually pulled from a secondary source)

Stoa Preparation Rule 3: The competitor must create a completely original interpretation of literature. Competitors may not copy the added words, cutting, and/or blocking of a previous speech and/or video.

Any information that comes from source material must be cited orally within the body of the speech. Use of another person’s words or ideas without crediting them is plagiarism and is strictly forbidden.

Interp Sources

Valid sourcing is an issue of academic integrity. Media transcripts (sources transcribed from a live or recorded performance) are not considered valid sources as they do not appropriately and/or legally give credit to the original author(s). AI is also not regarded as a valid source. It violates Interp Rules as the competitor is not making a “completely original interpretation of literature.” For further consideration, AI is not published or copyrighted and therefore cannot be used for creating Interp scripts.

Stoa desires script approval to be simple and objective. The texts should be in the public domain, accessible to any user, and retrievable upon request. The site and literary text must be verifiable and have a publication or copyright date. An upload date alone does not satisfy this requirement.

Unacceptable Sources:

• Blogs (from any source) – A blog is defined as “a regularly updated website or web page, typically one run by an individual or small group, that is written in an informal or conversational style.”
• Media transcripts and performances – These are scripts or script selections which have been transcribed from a live or recorded performance (including theater, movies, television/radio broadcasts, webcasts, internet streaming, YouTube, etc.). Copying content or blocking is not permitted.
• Self-published scripts – These are script selections which are authored or self-published by the competitor or a previous competitor. Self-published scripts are not permitted in Duo.
• AI – If AI creates an Interp speech for the competitor, it violates Interp Rules as the competitor is not making a “completely original interpretation of literature.” For further consideration, AI is not published or copyrighted and therefore cannot be used for creating Interp scripts.

Acceptable Sources: Sources should have a publication/copyright date. To ensure your piece is approved for NITOC, you should look for a piece that has a permanent number assigned from a nationally or scholastically recognized registry unless the piece was written before 1970. (ISBN numbering system was created in 1973.)

• “LCCN” or “Library of Congress Control Number” – ID found on the pages near the copyright notice.
• “ISBN” or “International Standard Book Number” – ISBN is a number, not a bar code. Number found on the pages near the copyright notice.
• “ISSN” or “International Standard Serial Number” – ISSN is an 8-digit code used to identify newspapers, journals, magazines, and periodicals of all kinds and on all media–print and electronic. ISSN should be located: preferably, in the upper right corner of the cover; or on the pages near the copyright notice. For a publication in electronic media, the ISSN should be shown on the homepage or on the main menu, if it is an online publication.
• “DOI” or “Digital Object Identifier” – DOI provides a persistent link to its location on the Internet. All DOI numbers begin with a 10 and contain a prefix and a suffix separated by a slash. DOI is typically located on the first page of the electronic journal article, near the copyright notice.

Online Sources

Published Online Sources must have:

• Title Page (if available, screenshots are acceptable)
• Copyright/Publication date
• Author

Your online source will NOT be accepted if any of the following apply:

• It has an upload or posted date rather than a publication or copyright date.
• There is no name or contact information for the publisher.
• It has a Copyright Acknowledgment date rather than a Copyright date.
• It is in an editable format. Sources that use editable formats (i.e., Gutenberg Press) will not be accepted.
• It is a YouTube (or other visual media) transcript.

Remember: POSTED does not equal PUBLISHED.

Archive.org is a great resource for finding verifiable sources for scripts.

Citations

Why Cite Your Sources: Citing your sources is important for several reasons.

1. It gives proper credit to the authors of the words or ideas that you incorporated into your speech.
2. It gives credibility (ethos) to you as a speechwriter who did your due diligence in researching your speech. It also allows you to “borrow” the credibility of the sources you use.
3. It allows those who hear your speech to identify your sources in order to learn more about the ideas that you include in your speech.
4. Citing your sources consistently and accurately helps you avoid committing plagiarism in your speech writing.

Duo Interpretation Rules

• Preparation Rule #5: If the competitor weaves multiple sources (literature, song lyrics, prefaces, etc.) together, he or she must orally cite each one of them near the beginning of the piece.
• Presentation Rule #1: The competitors must identify the title(s) and author(s) near the beginning of the piece. The competitors will receive a one (1) rank penalty for failure to cite all source(s). See the Interpretation Standards.

How to Cite in Your Introduction: 1. Identify your source(s) orally for your audience. Example B includes music lyrics.

• a. Example: “This is the story of Piglet Meets a Heffalump and Eeyore Loses a Tail by A.A. Milne.”
• b. Example: “Anne of Green Gables, by L.M. Montgomery and Blest Be the Tie that Binds, by John Fawcett.”

2. Bible Sources (Quoted) – When using the Bible as a source in an interp, be sure to name the version, book, chapter(s), and verse(s), if applicable.

• a. Example: “From Jonah Chapters 1 through 4 from the King James Bible.”

What NOT to Do:

• Leave citations out. This violates Stoa’s Plagiarism policy and may result in disqualification or penalties.
• Sing in your speech and not attribute credit if the words are not already in the source(s).
• Avoid asking for help. If you are unsure if you are citing your sources correctly, ask a parent, coach, or a Speech Committee member.
• Use AI to create or generate your Interp event. AI is also not regarded as a valid source. It violates Interp Rules as the competitor is not making a “completely original interpretation of literature.” For further consideration, AI is not published or copyrighted and therefore cannot be used for creating Interp scripts.

Script Submission

Limiting added words encourages the use of the original source/literature, increasing the academic rigor of the event. Students who do not abide by the added word limit create an unfair advantage. Having the local and NITOC Script Reviewers confirm the added word count is vital to ensure that checkmarks are awarded fairly.

The student must submit the script in two parts:

• A typewritten script and
• A scanned, photocopied or screenshot of the original source with all added words inserted in the appropriate places.

Typewritten version:

1. The typewritten script should be typed exactly as it is going to be presented.
2. All added words, not in the original source, must be underlined.

Scanned/Photocopied version:

1. Scan/photocopy every original source page which includes words used in the interpretive piece. (The original source(s) is the book, play, anthology, etc. from which the piece is taken.)
2. Scan/photocopy the title page of the original source(s)
3. Scan/photocopy the copyright page with the publication date of the original source(s).
4. Highlight all original source words that are used in the script. Do not cross out any words.
5. Insert the introduction and any added words in the appropriate spot in the script. (Joining together disconnected words from the source to create new thoughts or ideas is counted as added words.)
6. Arrange the pages in the order they will be presented.
7. Screenshots – Students who have secured their literary piece from an internet site must create a computer screenshot of the publication date. In addition, one page should include words from their piece to show the internet source of the piece. The screenshot should include any sidebars, headings, etc., that are a part of the computer screen, including the URL of the website. The remaining screenshots only need to contain the portions of the text used. The screenshots will be compiled in exactly the same way the scanned/photocopied pages are to be compiled. Title and publication information are still required.

Note – The goal is to submit two complete copies. One is typed. The other is scanned/photocopied from the original source with all added words inserted, creating a second complete script. The two scripts will read exactly the same.

Note regarding reproductions of copyright materials: The Fair Use Doctrine contained in the Copyright Act gives students permission to use or reproduce portions of a copyrighted work if the work is used as part of a student’s education. Therefore, the Fair Use Doctrine allows for the reproduction of portions of a copyrighted work for script submissions. However, the Fair Use Doctrine is broader than the Stoa Publication Guidelines. Please be sure your source complies with the Interp Script Submission Guideline.

Interp Preparation Video

For succinct instructions on creating the Script Copy and Original Source Copy of the scripts, see the Rapid Review and Approve Video.

Delivery

The student must perform the speech as written and approved by the Script Submission Team. Students are not permitted to ad-lib within their speech or provide any additional context, explanation, or commentary about their speech before or after delivery unless directed by tournament staff. This would allow them to use unapproved verbiage, which may create a competitive advantage. The speech must be contained within the timer’s start and stop.

Upon arrival in the competition room, students may greet judges and ask questions or make brief comments to the judge before the speech (e.g., about the timer placement, whether they are ready to start, etc.).

Before their speech, students may not speak to the judges, provide a summary, or make any preemptive comments about their speech or topic. The only exception is for a content warning if necessary.

After their speech, students may thank their judges for listening and shake their hands, but may not continue their speech by thanking the judges in a way that extends their theme or refers to their topic.

Props

Presentation Rule #3: No props, audio, or visual aids may be used.

A prop is a tangible object which is displayed or handled by a competitor to enhance the speaker’s message.

Interp speeches utilize the voice, facial expressions, and actions. When a student uses items such as their hair, pockets, eyeglasses, etc., these items become incorporated into their speech as props. This is a rule violation.

Plagiarism Policy

The Stoa Speech and Debate League does not allow plagiarism in any competitive event. Every competitor is responsible for ensuring that they do not engage in plagiarism in any form. If competitor(s) are found to have engaged in plagiarism during competition, tournament officials may take appropriate action against the competitor(s).

For an Interp to be original, the script and the blocking must be unique. The competitor must not copy the added words, cutting, characterization, and/or blocking of a previous speech and/or video. This removes the merit of an original presentation and creates an unfair advantage. By creating an original interpretation, the student learns to evaluate literature, vocabulary, and the art of storytelling at a higher level. The skills of storytelling and empathizing with the characters will create a well-rounded individual who can communicate with various types of people in different settings.

What is plagiarism? 1. To steal and pass off the ideas or words of another as one’s own. 2. To present as new and original an idea derived from an existing source ~ Merriam Webster

Forms of plagiarism include:

• verbatim (directly quoting another source’s words)
• paraphrasing (rewriting another source’s ideas or words without citing the source)
• patchwork (incorporating phrases or sentences from multiple sources without credit)
• self (reusing your own previously-submitted work in a new event)
• global (purchasing, stealing, or commissioning an entire paper or speech and representing it as your own)
• source-based (citing a fake source, fabricating data, or citing a primary source when you actually pulled from a secondary source)

Stoa Preparation Rule 3: The competitor must create a completely original interpretation of literature. Competitors may not copy the added words, cutting, and/or blocking of a previous speech and/or video.

Any information that comes from source material must be cited orally within the body of the speech. Use of another person’s words or ideas without crediting them is plagiarism and is strictly forbidden.

Interp Sources

Valid sourcing is an issue of academic integrity. Media transcripts (sources transcribed from a live or recorded performance) are not considered valid sources as they do not appropriately and/or legally give credit to the original author(s). AI is also not regarded as a valid source. It violates Interp Rules as the competitor is not making a “completely original interpretation of literature.” For further consideration, AI is not published or copyrighted and therefore cannot be used for creating Interp scripts.

Stoa desires script approval to be simple and objective. The texts should be in the public domain, accessed universally by any user, and retrievable upon request. The site and literary text must be verifiable and have a publication or copyright date. An upload date alone does not satisfy this requirement.

Unacceptable Sources:

• Blogs (from any source) – A blog is defined as “a regularly updated website or web page, typically one run by an individual or small group, that is written in an informal or conversational style.”
• Media transcripts and performances – These are scripts or script selections which have been transcribed from a live or recorded performance (including theater, movies, television/radio broadcasts, webcasts, internet streaming, YouTube, etc.). Copying content or blocking is not permitted.
• AI – If AI creates an Interp speech for the competitor, it violates Interp Rules as the competitor is not making a “completely original interpretation of literature.” While it is permissible to use an unpublished piece, it is not permissible to use anything written or created by AI for Open Interpretation.

Acceptable Sources:

• Self-published or self written scripts – These are script selections which are authored or self-published by the competitor or a previous competitor. Self-published scripts are permitted in Open Interpretation.
• Published sources should have a publication/copyright date. To ensure your piece is approved for NITOC, you should look for a piece that has a permanent number assigned from a nationally or scholastically recognized registry unless the piece was written before 1970. (ISBN numbering system was created in 1973.)

• “LCCN” or “Library of Congress Control Number” – ID found on the pages near the copyright notice.
• “ISBN” or “International Standard Book Number” – ISBN is a number, not a bar code. Number found on the pages near the copyright notice.
• “ISSN” or “International Standard Serial Number” – ISSN is an 8-digit code used to identify newspapers, journals, magazines, and periodicals of all kinds and on all media–print and electronic. ISSN should be located: preferably, in the upper right corner of the cover; or on the pages near the copyright notice. For a publication in electronic media, the ISSN should be shown on the homepage or on the main menu, if it is an online publication.
• “DOI” or “Digital Object Identifier” – DOI provides a persistent link to its location on the Internet. All DOI numbers begin with a 10 and contain a prefix and a suffix separated by a slash. DOI is typically located on the first page of the electronic journal article, near the copyright notice.

Online Sources

Published Online Sources must have:

• Title Page (if available, screenshots are acceptable)
• Copyright/Publication date
• Author

Your online source will NOT be accepted if any of the following apply:

• It has an upload or posted date rather than a publication or copyright date.
• There is no name or contact information for the publisher.
• It has a Copyright Acknowledgment date rather than a Copyright date.
• It is in an editable format. Sources that use editable formats (i.e., Gutenberg Press) will not be accepted.
• It is a YouTube (or other visual media) transcript.

Remember: POSTED does not equal PUBLISHED.

Archive.org is a great resource for finding verifiable sources for scripts.

Citations

Why Cite Your Sources: Citing your sources is important for several reasons.

1. It gives proper credit to the authors of the words or ideas that you incorporated into your speech.
2. It gives credibility (ethos) to you as a speechwriter who did your due diligence in researching your speech. It also allows you to “borrow” the credibility of the sources you use.
3. It allows those who hear your speech to identify your sources in order to learn more about the ideas that you include in your speech.
4. Citing your sources consistently and accurately helps you avoid committing plagiarism in your speech writing.

Open Interpretation Rules

• Preparation Rule #5: If the competitor weaves multiple sources (literature, song lyrics, prefaces, etc.) together, he or she must orally cite each one of them near the beginning of the piece.
• Presentation Rule #1: The competitors must identify the title(s) and author(s) near the beginning of the piece. The competitors will receive a one (1) rank penalty for failure to cite all source(s). See the Interpretation Standards.

How to Cite in Your Script: 1. Identify your source(s) orally for your audience. Example A includes music lyrics.

• a. Example: “Based on the book Fanny Crosby, The Blind Girl’s Song, by Lucille Travis and two hymns by Fanny entitled, Safe in the Arms of Jesus and Jesus is Tenderly Calling.”
• b. Example: “This is the story of Piglet Meets a Heffalump and Eeyore Loses a Tail by A.A. Milne.”
• c. Example: “Anne of Green Gables, by L.M. Montgomery.”

2. Bible Sources (Quoted) – When using the Bible as a source in an interp, be sure to name the version, book, chapter(s), and verse(s), if applicable.

• a. Example: “From Jonah Chapters 1 through 4 from the King James Bible.”

3. Bible Sources (Adapted) – When a story from the Bible is adapted for an Open Interp, the title of the book in the Bible being interpreted must be included. You must also indicate that you are adapting the story in your own words.

• a. Example: “This is the story of Jonah, adapted by (your name).”
• b. Example: “This is the story of David and Goliath, from I Samuel, adapted by (your name).”

What NOT to Do:

• Leave citations out. This violates Stoa’s Plagiarism policy and may result in disqualification or penalties.
• Sing in your speech and not attribute credit if the words are not already in the source(s).
• Avoid asking for help. If you are unsure if you are citing your sources correctly, ask a parent, coach, or a Speech Committee member.
• Use AI to create or generate your Interp event. AI is also not regarded as a valid source. It violates Interp Rules as the competitor is not making a “completely original interpretation of literature.” For further consideration, AI is not published or copyrighted and therefore cannot be used for creating Interp scripts.

Script Submission

The student must submit the script in two parts, if using any script other than entirely self-written. Remember, students must give credit for any work used by another author.

• A typewritten script and
• A scanned, photocopied or screenshot of the original source with all added words inserted in the appropriate places.

Typewritten version: (If entirely self-written, only typed version is required.)

1. The typewritten script should be typed exactly as it is going to be presented.
2. All added words, not in the original source, must be underlined.

Scanned/Photocopied version:

1. Scan/photocopy every original source page which includes words used in the interpretive piece. (The original source(s) is the book, play, anthology, etc. from which the piece is taken.)
2. Scan/photocopy the title page of the original source(s).
3. Scan/photocopy the copyright page with the publication date of the original source(s).
4. Highlight all original source words that are used in the script. Do not cross out any words.
5. Insert the introduction and any added words in the appropriate spot in the script.
6. Arrange the pages in the order they will be presented.
7. Screenshots – Students who have secured their literary piece from an internet site must create a computer screenshot of the publication date. In addition, one page should include words from their piece to show the internet source of the piece. The screenshot should include any sidebars, headings, etc., that are a part of the computer screen, including the URL of the website. The remaining screenshots only need to contain the portions of the text used. The screenshots will be compiled in exactly the same way the scanned/photocopied pages are to be compiled. Title and publication information is still required.

Note – The goal is to submit two complete copies. One is typed. The other is scanned/photocopied from the original source with all added words inserted, creating a second complete script. The two scripts will read exactly the same.

Note regarding reproductions of copyright materials: The Fair Use Doctrine contained in the Copyright Act gives students permission to use or reproduce portions of a copyrighted work if the work is used as part of a student’s education. Therefore, the Fair Use Doctrine allows for the reproduction of portions of a copyrighted work for script submissions. Please be sure your source complies with the Interp Script Submission Guidelines.

Interp Preparation Video

For succinct instructions on creating the Script Copy and Original Source Copy of the scripts, see the Rapid Review and Approve Video.

Delivery

The speech must be contained within the timer’s start and stop.

Upon arrival in the competition room, students may greet judges and ask questions or make brief comments to the judge before the speech (e.g., about the timer placement, whether they are ready to start, etc.).

Before their speech, students may not speak to the judges, provide a summary, or make any preemptive comments about their speech or topic. The only exception is for a content warning if necessary.

After their speech, students may thank their judges for listening and shake their hands, but may not continue their speech by thanking the judges in a way that extends their theme or refers to their topic.

Props

Presentation Rule #3: The tournament will provide a chair that the presenter may use; however, no other props, audio, or visual aids may be used.

The tournament will provide a chair for the student’s use in each Storytelling competition room. The student may use the chair in any way that would further impact their story. Throwing the chair or causing any damage to the chair is strictly prohibited. The student is not guaranteed a specific type of chair. It could be a metal folding chair, a children’s chair, or a boardroom chair. There is no rule for what kind of chair will be provided.

A prop is a tangible object which is displayed or handled by a competitor to enhance the speaker’s message.

Storytelling speeches utilize the voice, facial expressions, and actions. When a student uses items such as their hair, pockets, eyeglasses, etc., these items become incorporated into their speech as props. This is a rule violation.

Plagiarism Policy

The Stoa Speech and Debate League does not allow plagiarism in any competitive event. Every competitor is responsible for ensuring that they do not engage in plagiarism in any form. If competitor(s) are found to have engaged in plagiarism during competition, tournament officials may take appropriate action against the competitor(s).

What is plagiarism? 1. To steal and pass off the ideas or words of another as one’s own. 2. To present as new and original an idea derived from an existing source ~ Merriam Webster

Forms of plagiarism include:

• verbatim (directly quoting another source’s words)
• paraphrasing (rewriting another source’s ideas or words without citing the source)
• patchwork (incorporating phrases or sentences from multiple sources without credit)
• self (reusing your own previously-submitted work in a new event)
• global (purchasing, stealing, or commissioning an entire paper or speech and representing it as your own)
• source-based (citing a fake source, fabricating data, or citing a primary source when you actually pulled from a secondary source)

Speeches may not be written by AI, in part or in full. The competitor must create a completely original presentation. All Storytelling speeches must be told in the student’s authentic and unique voice. The story should have an element of spontaneity.

Any information that comes from source material must be cited orally within the introduction of the speech. Use of another person’s words or ideas without crediting them is plagiarism and is strictly forbidden.

Citations

Why Cite Your Sources: Citing your sources is important for several reasons.

1. It gives proper credit to the authors of the words or ideas that you incorporated into your speech.
2. It gives credibility (ethos) to you as a speechwriter who did your due diligence in researching your speech. It also allows you to “borrow” the credibility of the sources you use.
3. It allows those who hear your speech to identify your sources in order to learn more about the ideas that you include in your speech.
4. Citing your sources consistently and accurately helps you avoid committing plagiarism in your speech writing.

Presentation Rule #1: The competitor will receive a one (1) rank penalty for failure to cite the source(s) in the introduction.

How to Cite in Your Script:

1. Identify your source(s) orally for your audience. Example A includes music lyrics.

• a. Example: “Based on the book Fanny Crosby, The Blind Girl’s Song, by Lucille Travis and two hymns by Fanny entitled Safe in the Arms of Jesus and Jesus is Tenderly Calling.”
• b. Example: “This is the story of George Washington from Ingri D’Aulaire and Edgar Parin D’Aulaire.”
• c. Example: “Anne of Green Gables, by L.M. Montgomery.”

2. Bible Sources (Quoted) – When using the Bible as a source in an interp, be sure to name the version, book, chapter(s), and verse(s), if applicable.

• a. Example: “From Jonah Chapters 1 through 4 from the King James Bible.”
• b. Example: “This is the story of David and Goliath, from I Samuel.”

What NOT to Do:

• Leave out your source in the introduction. This violates Stoa’s Plagiarism policy and may result in disqualification or penalties.
• Sing in your speech and not attribute credit if the words are not already in the source(s).
• Avoid asking for help. If you are unsure if you are citing your sources correctly, ask a parent, coach, or a Speech Committee member.
• Use AI to write your story. The competitor must create a completely original presentation. All Storytelling speeches must be told in the student’s authentic and unique voice. The story should have an element of spontaneity.

Script Submission

Purpose: While there is no script to submit in Storytelling, it is required that students log their source. Unless using the Bible or an anthology, students are only allowed to use a source(s) once per competitive season. This increases the event’s academic rigor. Having the local and NITOC Script Reviewers confirm the source(s) is vital to ensure that checkmarks are awarded fairly.

• The competitor must submit their source on the Storytelling section of the Compliance Tool before the tournament.
• Title and Author will be required.
• Competitors must use the same selected story for each round at a tournament.
• The competitor may use multiple selections (books, short stories, plays) to craft their story. Once the competitor uses a selection in any competition in any league, that competitor may not reuse it in Storytelling for that competition year. The Bible and anthologies are an exception to this rule.
• The Compliance Tool will maintain a list of all the stories and sources the competitor has used during the 2026-27 season.

Delivery

The student must perform the speech as written and approved by the Script Submission Team. Students are not permitted to ad-lib within their speech or provide any additional context, explanation, or commentary about their speech before or after delivery unless directed by tournament staff. This would allow them to use unapproved verbiage, which may create a competitive advantage. The speech must be contained within the timer’s start and stop.

Upon arrival in the competition room, students may greet judges and ask questions or make brief comments to the judge before the speech (e.g., about the timer placement, whether they are ready to start, etc.).

Before their speech, students may not speak to the judges, provide a summary, or make any preemptive comments about their speech or topic. The only exception is for a content warning if necessary.

After their speech, students may thank their judges for listening and shake their hands, but may not continue their speech by thanking the judges in a way that extends their theme or refers to their topic.

Props

Presentation Rule #3: No props, audio, or visual aids may be used.

A prop is a tangible object which is displayed or handled by a competitor to enhance the speaker’s message. Stoa encourages authentic gestures and facial expressions in speech delivery. However, when a feature that is on or part of the student’s body or clothing is used to visually enhance the speech as support or evidence, it becomes a prop and is not permitted.

Plagiarism Policy

The Stoa Speech and Debate League does not allow plagiarism in any competitive event. Every competitor is responsible for ensuring that they do not engage in plagiarism in any form. If competitor(s) are found to have engaged in plagiarism during competition, tournament officials may take appropriate action against the competitor(s).

What is plagiarism? 1. To steal and pass off the ideas or words of another as one’s own. 2. To present as new and original an idea derived from an existing source ~ Merriam Webster

Forms of plagiarism include:

• verbatim (directly quoting another source’s words)
• paraphrasing (rewriting another source’s ideas or words without citing the source)
• patchwork (incorporating phrases or sentences from multiple sources without credit)
• self (reusing your own previously-submitted work in a new event)
• global (purchasing, stealing, or commissioning an entire paper or speech and representing it as your own)
• source-based (citing a fake source, fabricating data, or citing a primary source when you actually pulled from a secondary source)

Speeches may not be written by AI, in part or in full. All Slam Poetry speeches must be written in the student’s authentic and unique voice.

Preparation Rule 1: Poem selections may come from a wide variety of sources, including original works by the competitor, published works, and/or unpublished works.

• a. All words that are not self-authored must be cited parenthetically in the script and documented on the citation page to avoid plagiarism; however, they need not be orally cited after they are identified in the introduction.
• b. Unpublished works, including videos that are not published and posted by the author, must have written permission by the author; a copy of this permission must be included with the script. See the Slam Poetry Standards.

Any information that comes from source material must be cited orally within the introduction of the speech. Use of another person’s words or ideas without crediting them is plagiarism and is strictly forbidden.

The competitor must create a completely original presentation. Competitors may not copy the cutting, and/or blocking of a previous speech and/or video.

Common Knowledge

While many students have acquired knowledge through their studies and hobbies, not all of it is common to the average person. Thus, detailed knowledge must be cited. This includes dates, statistics, technical information, and facts that the listener would only know if they had researched the topic. When in doubt, cite the source. For more information, see the article from MIT titled “What Is Common Knowledge?”.

AI and Slam Poetry

All Slam Poetry speeches must be written in the student’s authentic and unique voice. AI may not compose or generate a competitor’s original work. All words that are not self-authored must be cited parenthetically in the script and documented on the citation page to avoid plagiarism; however, they need not be orally cited after they are identified in the introduction. Be aware that any quotes garnered from AI must be cited from the original source (not from AI). AI is not considered a reliable source for accurate quotes and statistics.

Sources

Unpublished Sources: Slam Poetry pieces will need written permission if unpublished by the owner.

Unpublished sources for Slam Poetry include videos that are not published by the author. Examples include videos posted on YouTube, GodTube, Button Poetry, TikTok, or other media sources outside the author’s channel or website. Poetry found on unpublished videos must include written permission from the author.

Published Online Sources must have:

• Copyright/Publication date
• Author

Your online source will NOT be accepted if any of the following apply:

• It has an upload or posted date rather than a publication or copyright date.
• There is no name or contact information for the publisher.
• It has a Copyright Acknowledgment date rather than a Copyright date.
• It is in an editable format. Sources that use editable formats (i.e., Gutenberg Press) will not be accepted.
• It is a YouTube (or other visual media) transcript.

Remember: POSTED does not equal PUBLISHED.

Archive.org is a great resource for finding verifiable sources for scripts.

Underlining and In-Text Citation

Script submission for Slam Poetry contains aspects from both Interp and Platform Submission.

Like Interp Submissions:

• The student must submit a typewritten copy of the speech. The script should be typed exactly as it will be presented.
• All sources and authors must be orally cited in the introduction near the beginning of the speech, including self-authored poems.

Like Platform Submissions:

• All direct quotations must be underlined, and in-text (parenthetical) citations must be added after direct quotations.
• A Citation Page must be created on a separate page at the end of the speech. All sources must be included on the Citation Page.

The Rapid Review and Approve video provides basic Interp and Platform instructions that may be helpful.

Citations

Why Cite Your Sources: Citing your sources, whether in a platform or interpretive speech, is important for several reasons.

1. It gives proper credit to the authors of the words or ideas that you incorporated into your speech.
2. It gives credibility (ethos) to you as a speech writer who did your due diligence in researching your speech. It also allows you to “borrow” the credibility of the sources you use.
3. It allows those who hear your speech to identify your sources in order to learn more about the ideas that you include in your speech.
4. Citing your sources consistently and accurately helps you avoid committing plagiarism in your speech writing.

Slam Poetry Rules

• Preparation #1a: Poem selections may come from a wide variety of sources, including original works by the competitor, published works, and/or unpublished works. a. All words that are not self-authored must be cited parenthetically in the script and documented on the citation page; however, they need not be orally cited after they are identified in the introduction.
• Preparation Rule #10: The competitor must provide a script and a citation page at each tournament, along with the completed Slam Poetry Script Submission Form.
• Presentation Rule #1: The competitor will receive a one (1) rank penalty for failure to cite the source(s) in the introduction. This includes self-authored poems.

How to Cite in Your Script: If you directly quote information from any source, you must:

1. Identify your source(s) orally for your audience in the introduction.

• Example: “The Raven by Edgar Allen Poe.”
• Example: “From If by Rudyard Kipling and (title of the poem) by (your name).”

2. Bible Sources – When using the Bible as a source in Slam Poetry, identify the book(s) and version(s) verbally in the introduction. If the Bible story is paraphrased, the student can introduce the piece with: the story name, the book, and the wording adapted by.

• Example: “From Psalms in the Message Bible.”
• Example: “From the books Psalms, Job, and Ephesians written in The Message, NIV and ESV versions.”
• Example: “This is the story of David and Goliath, from I Samuel, adapted by (your name).”

3. Adapted Sources – When a poem is adapted from another published story, the title of the story being adapted must be included. You must also indicate that you are adapting the story in your own words.

• a. Example: “Little Red Riding Hood by (your name) based on the original story of the same name by Charles Perrault.”

4. Cite direct quotations in the speech parenthetically to easily connect it to the source entry on your Citation Page.

• If possible, include the author’s name and the page number. i. Example: “If you can keep your head when all about you Are losing theirs and blaming it on you…” (Kipling).
• If no author is given, use the title of the work.
• Scriptural sources should include the name of the version followed by the book, chapter, and verse (if applicable). i. Example: “Oh Lord, our Lord, how majestic is Your name in all the earth!” (New International Version, Psalm 8:1).

What NOT to Do:

• Leave citations out. This violates Stoa’s Plagiarism policy and may result in disqualification or penalties.
• Avoid asking for help. If you are unsure if you are citing your sources correctly, ask a parent, coach, or a member of the Speech Committee.
• Use AI to compose your piece. All Slam Poetry speeches must be written in the student’s authentic and unique voice.

Script Submission

Purpose: Slam Poetry speech scripts should contain the exact text of the student’s speech for accountability. The sources of any contributing information must be formally cited so that credit is given where credit is due. The script preparation instructions below will assist with that process.

1. The student must submit a typewritten copy of the speech. The script should be typed exactly as it will be presented.
2. All sources and authors must be orally cited in the introduction near the beginning of the speech. This includes self-authored poems.
3. All direct quotations must be underlined.
4. In-text (parenthetical) citations must be added after direct quotations.
5. A Citation Page must be created on a separate page at the end of the speech. Any format is acceptable. (Students may use www.easybib.com or other applications to assist with the Citation Page.) All sources must be included on the Citation Page.
6. Unpublished works must have written permission from the author; a copy of this permission must be included with the script.
7. A current Script Submission Form must be submitted with the speech script at each tournament.